Apple Tree Lane Child-Care and Nursery Centre Assignment

Apple Tree Lane Child-Care and Nursery Centre - Assignment Example After attaining the appropriate licensing, Apple Tree was established and now the facility is capable of supporting higher volume child care. The business maintains three distinct long-term objectives which are based on reputation building, the provision of quality care for all children, and expansion of the business without loss of key provisions to service quality. The complications with establishment of an appropriate marketing strategy include identification of targeting opportunities for key markets, providing a brand reputation through positioning against competitors, and identification of what constitutes quality service dimensions and service structure. This marketing plan encompasses all methods of STP, promotion, service development, quality auditing systems, and methods of differentiating the organisation from existing child care competitors in the region. 2. Segmentation, targeting and positioning Defining the market In order to develop a quality marketing effort, it is necessary to understand the dimensions of what constitutes a market. A market is a group of potential customers dispersed geographically that maintain the potential to make service purchases. To reach these individuals, it requires process planning, recognition of important elements associated with the marketing mix, and maintaining relationships to satisfy individual and organisational objectives (Boone and Kurtz 2007). Markets want to satisfy their utility needs in terms of the overall fulfilment that comes from a particular service (Boone and Kurtz). In order to gain market attention, the business must segment, which is the process of dividing a whole market into smaller, homogenous groups most willing to make purchases at Apple Tree. Once these markets have been identified, targeting occurs in which promotional materials are developed against their service demands, lifestyle, or other demographics in order to maximize profit f or those most likely to utilise the service. On the heels of these activities is positioning, which is â€Å"owning a place in the minds of consumers by concentrating on a single phrase or concept that defines the company values and purpose† (Trout 2008: 18). (b) The vitality of STP to Apple Tree STP is vital to Apple Tree in terms of cost, labour and ensuring that the best fit of potential customers is selected for utilising the service. The business wants to recruit markets that share the same values and child-rearing principles of Jefferies to avoid the need for labour training or dissatisfying consumers. Failure to follow STP models for market reach can lead to high costs of promotional materials, wasted on non-key markets and also force operational and management changes on the organisation for this business. Since Apple Tree’s longevity is centred around revenue building from direct customer transactions, it is important to identify homogenous groups that share t he same child care vision to avoid service failures or perceptions of service failure from markets that utilise the service who do not share Apple Tree vision. (c) Segmentation Jefferies will segment according to the most effective market criteria. The key, potential market availability for Apple Tree are mothers who already utilise child care services, but are constrained by locality (travelling too far). Localizing the service will provide added convenience to the service model. Another market is mothers who are currently

NEW HAIR PRODUCT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NEW HAIR PRODUCT - Essay Example Marketing strategy. Initially ARG Hairs Group wanted Hair Softe to be carried by supermarkets in UK and Ireland. ARG Hairs Group also plans to open a company website wherein prospective customers can order the product on line. A separate study on the marketing strategy is being prepared to initialize the campaign. Production capability. Hair Softe Shampoo is a commodity item that is saleable for both men and women, and a target of 24,000 ml units of shampoo monthly could easily be sold in the UK market. It has a production capacity of 1,000 ml. units per day, but has the capability to increase future production. Investment plan. An investment of $150,000 and equity capital of ARG Hairs Group are needed to launch the product in the market. Owners’ capital is $65,000.00 while investors will have to provide $150,000 in form of stock equity. 1. The return on the equity of the owner is 9% on the first year of operation. The 9% return on investment is higher than the prevailing bank rate of interest in UK which is 0.5%. UK interest rate is expected to remain at the recent level because of the government’s monetary policy. (Bank of England, 2011) Monetary Policy Decisions. (http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/) 2. The cash flow statement of the company prepared for a 12 month operation shows that for the first three months there is a shortage of cash inflow to sustain all the expenses of the company and there is a need for an outside financing for its day to day operations because of capital expenses during these months. Thereafter, after March, company will have available cash to pay for its loan obligations, taxes and interest and to pay for equity. The cash flow has been prepared based on the 1,000 ml. units of production per day and operations of 24 days in a month. Sales are expected to increase by 5% a month, and profit is also anticipated along the operations. The cash flow statement present all the cash expected to be

Bottle vs breastfeeding Essay Example for Free

Bottle vs breastfeeding Essay As a nurse, I will tell the young mother that breastfeeding is always better than bottle feeding. As a new parent, it is her responsibility to make sure her baby will get off to a good nutritional start. Breastfeeding does have its’ benefits. There is no doubt that breastfeeding contains all the nutrients your baby needs for proper growth and development. Studies prove that breast milk provides optimal health benefits for your newborn. Mothers milk is easily digested, has perfectly matched nutrition for the baby, and is filled with antibodies that protect against infection. Furthermore, breastfed babies are less likely to suffer from ear infections, diaper rash, and intestinal upsets. In addition, breast milk offers immune system boosters and fatty acids specific to humans that promote optimal brain growth. Not only does breastfeeding benefit your baby, it has many advantages for you. Breastfeeding is convenient. There is no need to get out of bed at 2 a.m. to prepare a bottle. All you have to do is hold your baby to your chest and feed. Next, breastfeeding is very economical. Since breast milk is self- produced, you dont need money to buy an endless supply of food. Last, breastfeeding is helpful in the process of returning your body to its normal state. While feeding, hormones are produced that make your organs contract into their natural size. One con about breastfeeding is that nursing is definitely time-consuming. A newborn baby typically feed every 2 to 3 hours during the day and may awaken frequently at night. Another con is breastfeeding takes a lot of energy for your body to make milk, so the mother can often feel quite fatigued. Another con is sometimes mothers have physical problems like mastitis, plugged milk ducts and engorgement if the baby is not feeding frequently or properly. If you are a working mother you might find it challenging to schedule nursings. It will be necessary to pump at work and some jobs may not allow for such breaks. 1 What if she has to return to work? Like I said, if you are a working mother, you might find it challenging to schedule nursings. It will be necessary to pump at work and some jobs may not allow for such breaks. But, to breastfeed you will have to find time  during the day, during the afternoon, during the evening, and if possible at night to pump. 2 Should people be allowed to breastfeed in public eg a restaurant? So , if you are eating in a restaurant, should your baby eat from the breast? Yes, mothers should be allowed to breastfeed in public, even at a restaurant. Breastfeeding is completely natural, and it should be acceptable. Breasts were not intended for sex; they were intended to be used to breastfeed whenever and wherever the baby needs to be fed. Yes, it may be inappropriate if an entire breast is shown, but most mothers take caution in not exposing all of themselves. They are simply trying to feed their child. 3 What if the patient is from a third world country? I would give the same advice to a third world country mother, as I would to an American mother. I would not discriminate. So, she is from a third world country, to be talking to me she is in America now and there are plenty of free nutritional programs for her and her baby to take part in. I would still advise breastfeeding her baby. 4 Is there a federal/state law that governs breastfeeding? Section 7(r) of the Fair Labor Standards Act – Break Time for Nursing Mothers Provision President Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on March 30, 2010. (See the combined full text of Public Laws 111-148 and 111-152 here.) Among many provisions, Section 4207 of the law amends the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938 (29 U.S. Code 207) to require an employer to provide reasonable break time for an employee to express breast milk for her nursing child for one year after the childs birth each time such employee has need to express milk. The employer is not required to compensate an employee receiving reasonable break time for any work time spent for such purpose. The employer must also provide a place, other than a bathroom, for the employee to express breast milk. If these requirements impose undue hardship, an employer that employs fewer than 50 employees is not subject to these requirements. The federal requirements shall not preempt a state law that provides greater protections to employees. http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/breastfeeding-state-laws.aspx 5 Does men have a different opinion about breastfeeding as compared to women? I could not find a difference of opinion on breastfeeding by men. I read  where most men support breastfeeding. Most men found breastfeeding to be healthier for baby and mother. Most men find that breastfeeding saves them a lot of money. Most of them do not mind their wives breastfeeding in public too. 6 Should you heat a bottle in a microwave? The microwave changes the molecular structure of whatever you heat up in there. Breastmilk has essential nutrients that your baby can benefit from so you dont want to deprive your baby from that! I would say to not take any chances. Take the extra time for the benefit of your baby and run the bottle under warm water or put it in a bowl of warm water or get a bottle warmer. It is not advised to heat up formula or breastmillk in microwave. I wouldnt risk it. (7) Should you put a child to bed with a bottle in his/her mouth? Letting your baby go to sleep in his crib with a bottle of milk or juice is not a good idea. Not only will your child come to depend on having a bottle to get to sleep, but leaving a bottle in your sleeping babys mouth can cause tooth decay. There is a chance your baby may choke and it also can be the cause of a chronic ear infection. When a baby drinks lying flat on their back the milk can flow through their ear cavity causing infection. It is not recommended to put a bottle in the crib with the baby. I suggest a pacifier. That might be a better alternative. References: Breast vs. Bottlefeeding. (2008, May 19). In WriteWork.com. Retrieved 19:08, October 12, 2014, from http://www.writework.com/essay/breast-vs-bottlefeeding Examine best practice in breastfeeding.. (2004, January 11). In WriteWork.com. Retrieved 19:06, October 12, 2014, from http://www.writework.com/essay/examine-best-practice-breastfeeding Breastfeeding and the Workplace. (2004, March 01). In WriteWork.com. Retrieved 19:06, October 12, 2014, from http://www.writework.com/essay/breastfeeding-and-workplace http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/breastfeeding-state-laws.aspx

Ideological Messages in Film: The Blindside

Ideological Messages in Film: The Blindside Select a television drama or a film. Using relevant terms and concepts derived from genre analysis, narrative analysis, critical discourse analysis, semiotic analysis, or auteur analysis (you may use any or all of these methods), show how your chosen text constructs ideological messages. You must use secondary readings to support your analysis and include an APA bibliography at the end of your essay. Do not choose a television drama or a film covered in class. This essay will use a variety of different methods of analysis to show how the film The Blind Side constructs ideological messages. The film The Blind Side depicts the struggle of a Black American man to assimilate as part of a predominantly white American society. Michael Oher, the main protagonist presents the idea from the outset regarding how a black man experiences maltreatment and discriminative treatment from the white community, something that appears as a common trend in American mainstream ideologies. The film is hugely responsible for the deconstruction of the traditional perceptions, through the presentation of the Tuohy family creating alternative ideologies to dispel them. A persons ideology makes the culture more informed and therefore better adapted to make a judgement. Ideology differs from culture, in that it adds a political dimension to the discussion on culture. It suggests that relations of power shape the cultural and ideological landscape. (Storey, 2009). The Tuohys ideology is vastly different from the standard culture of the society. Because they play an influential role in the community, they have the audacity have to express their ideologies. It is hard in the beginning to show their different point of view, but they win the battle against their adversaries because Michael shows that he is different from the stereotypic character of a Black American. The ideology created here is formed mainly of concepts surrounding power, and this produces a platform for the prejudice to be dismissed. In this movie, the director shows how White Americans like the Tuohy family accept Michael for who he is. The ideological message portrayed is that he Is of an equal ability and have a right to the same right to the principles upheld by the family. The Tuohys become Michaels enduring guide as he makes a vast transformation, obtaining social acceptance, and involvement. From this sense, it can be perceived that Hancocks film depicts an ideology as it emphasizes the different issues of the society such as racism and cultural interaction, and how these are being dispelled by gracious acts from an unexpected source. Throughout the discussion of Michaels life, the film is depicted with flashbacks to contrast his past life from the current occurrences. In many cases such as the depiction of Michaels mother, these create ideological themes, enabling the audience to follow the wider story as it progresses. They are also vitally important details that help establish the main characters personality, through his protective and instinctive natures. The ideologies this creates are solely to gain and obtain an emotive engagement from the audience, giving context of the misfortunes he has undergone and the transformation he is now making. The film depicts the dilemma of Black Americans and integration into a White American family, and this ultimately provides this moral dilemma. Regardless of the magnitude of the gesture, the family are still going to be judged heavily for their kindness. The director, however, presents the the moral undertaking in a positive light throughout the film. Although negativity is presented, it is always eliminated. This ideological message portrays them as holding a hugely controversial moral standpoint. The large majority of the people actively looking to adopt in this country are white and for the most part they want white children, at least initially. (Bartholet, 1991) However, the ideology of repulsion is presented as a conflict of the film, within the Tuohys social surroundings. Since the socialite family are instrumental individuals, because of their wealth and notoriety people around them think that adopting Michael taints their good reputation. This is one of the major battles presented of the film as they choose between self-preservation and their controversial moral standpoint. Blacks are purposely portrayed in films with negative stereotypes that reinforced white supremacy over them. This has had a tremendous effect on our view of blacks since motion pictures have had more of an impact on the public mind than any other entertainment medium in the last ninety years. (Sampson, 1995) The contradictory theme in this, is that he is presented honourably, promoting his abilities rather than his skin colour. The further ideological messages of racism are made within the within the classroom. According to John Storey (2009), race and racism are not natural or inevitable phenomena; they have a history and are a result of human actions and interactions. He additionally is subject to discriminatory behaviour inside his classroom. His teacher demonstrates a recognition of his differences from the other more able students. It is a form of stereotype that the media continues to express towards its audience, in this case through subtle hints at his poor intellectual capacity. Another ideological construction that exists in this film is the socialites and the significance of their lifestyle in his transformation. This ideology shows the contrast of how a wealthy white woman is perceived in comparison to Michael and his inability to fend for himself due to his disadvantaged background. (Sorey, 2012) explains that the social construction of culture, and culture as a particular way of life, or expression of this particular way of living helps us to establish an understanding of the shared values of a group or class of people. Being a wealthy, successful independent woman she is perceived as being of a high social order and highly intellectual. She is described as a flawless and sophisticated character that has special abilities and an exceptional eye for taste when it comes to her personal needs. Culture also plays an important role in establishing ideologies in the film. People have different culture, but through cultural relativism, they become connected. There is no doubt that cultures differ in substantial ways, and that these differences have substantial psychological effects on the members of the culture. (Rozin, 2003) The Tuohys acknowledge Michaels cultural differences even though his social and family background seems improper because it contains imperfections. This message shows the Tuohys have a specific set of moral values. They believe that Black Americans are unacceptable within their community or surroundings because they are the root of negativities in the community. The Tuohys do not change this norm, but they create their own values by accepting Michael and believe in him and his capabilities as a person. Bibliography Bartholet, E. (1991) Where do black children belong? The politics of race matching in adoption, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 139(5), p. 1163. doi: 10.2307/3312364. Lam, E.R. and Szekely, K.S. (1987) Blacks in television: A selective, annotated bibliography, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 14(4), pp. 176-183. doi: 10.1080/01956051.1987.9944224. PORTRAYAL OF MINORITIES IN THE FILM, MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRIES (1998) Available at: https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/mediarace/portrayal.htm (Accessed: 24 February 2017). Rozin, P. (2003) Five potential principles for understanding cultural differences in relation to individual differences, Journal of Research in Personality, 37(4), pp. 273-283. doi: 10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00566-4. Sampson, H.T. (1995) Blacks in black and white: A source book on black films. 2nd edn. New York, NY, United States: The Scarecrow Press. Storey, J.W. (2009) Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction (5th edition). 5th edn. Harlow, England: Pearson Longman. Storey, J.W. (2012) Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction (6th edition). 6th edn. Harlow, England: Pearson.

Rocketry :: Essays Papers

Rocketry, the use of rocket power as a propulsion mechanism, has changed the boundaries of man’s domain.Before the advent of efficient rocket power, space flight was seen as an impossibility and exclusively the subject of science fiction stories.The nature of rocket power changed in the early twentieth century when a man named Robert Hutchings Goddard focused his research and his entire life on efficient rocket propulsion.Rocket power had been thought of long before Goddard’s time, but he was the first to have success with it. The earliest record of rocket propulsion dates to 1232 CE from China.Chinese Chronicles of the battle of Kai-Feng make mention of a â€Å"flying fiery arrow† that was used during battles â€Å"with telling effect against invading Mongol hordes† (xiii Goddard & Pendray).This object was a form of what we now call fireworks that was packaged with more propellant.During the middle ages, other objects were adapted from the Chinese invention in many other countries and were also used as a weapon to confuse, and to a lesser extent attack, the enemy.This practice was continued into the late eighteen hundreds. Rocketry did not progress greatly for a long time after its first uses.The next large advancement came from Hermann Ganswindt (1856-1934) of Germany.Ganswindt was a failed lawyer whose real passion was for science.He predicted rocket propulsion in theory and made the first design that was sound in principle in 1891.Ganswindt proposed his ideas to the German War Ministry, but was sadly rejected and was looked on as a non-professional scientist trying to do professional work.He had made the underlying theory that is used in modern space ships, but the theory was â€Å"too far in advance of his time for it to be understood†(23 Gartmann).Subsequently, Ganswindt had no success or advancement in the field and lost all his money in the aftermath of World War I preceding his death in 1934. Sir Isaac Newton’s laws of motion had been published and widely known for quite some time by this point, but Konstantin Tsiolkovski saw that the third law of motion provided the mechanism for successful rocket propulsion in space.In 1898, Tsiolkovski completed and published The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Rocket.The book meticulously and rigorously set forth the calculations associated with rocket propulsion.This act was the mathematical quantification of rocketry.When the calculations are examined, the physics of the propulsion showed that a liquid fuel, as opposed to a solid or composite propellant, would prove to be a more efficient power source and Tsiolkovski asserted that a liquid fuel would be necessary.

King Henry Iv Part 1 - Hal :: essays research papers

Shakespeare gives the reader the opportunity to view the timeless duplicity of a politician in Prince Hal of Henry IV, Part 1. Instead of presenting a rather common hero, Shakespeare sharpens the both sides of the sword and makes Hal a deceitful prince. In order to portray accurately the treachery and fickleness of Hal, Shakespeare must provide Hal with models to follow, rivals to defeat, and a populace to convince. Although Hal would not have to grovel for votes from England's populace to become king, he does understand the problems of being an unpopular ruler from witnessing his father's problems. So Hal needs to persuade a general population that he is competent in order to remain a king once he has obtained the throne. Shakespeare wants the play to seem sympathetic to Hal, and he wants Hal to convince the audience (populace) himself.Therefore, Hal's fraudulence is hidden in undertones and slips of the tongue which he makes throughout the play. The first indication of this comes at his soliloquy in Act 2, Scene 1. It would be impossible for a reasonable man to have boozed and bummed all of his teen years and suddenly renounce his life and become reborn. There is an amoral quality to Hal that allows him to change allegiances as political winds would call it wise. But it is not just amorality that makes Hal a politician - he desires power as well. His amorality culminates in his eulogies for Hotspur and Falstaff with the greatest grasp of power he makes in the play. After he gives them and Falstaff is found alive, he realizes that he has made a slight blunder and backs off a bit, allowing Falstaff some room to remain. But while he delivers them, he is at his best, being the worst. His basic behavior appears king-like, but the subtleties show his utter disregard for those who love him and his calculating mind making political estimates so that he can secure the throne.Even though Hal is an amoral huckster, he must be able to convince others of his worthiness for the play to work. Therefore, Shakespeare must spend most of Hal's speeches using a convincing tone. He will use the overtones and most of the direct meanings of what Hal says to convey a thoughtful prince; he will use the undertones and occasional slips to give insight to the reality of Hal's persona.

Christianity and Hinduism Essay

I wanted to compare Hinduism to Christianity. I did not know anyone around here so I contacted a family member that lives in the Philippines. His wife’s family fallows Hinduism. I interviewed them over the Internet through video chat. That was very interesting. I had to have my family member translate to me somethings. But it was fun. I also have them write what they were answering to me. I e-mailed them the questions in advance so it would not be a shocker when I asked. I felt as if I was rude at times asking some of the questions. I kept apologizing and all they kept laughing at me. The interview was with Byra and Hansa Bose. Translation was Sandra and Justin Usry. Hinduism is generally regarded as the world’s oldest organized religion and the world’s third largest religion. Christianity is the largest religion in the world. Hinduism consists of thousands of different religious groups that have evolved in India since 1500 BC. Most forms of Hinduism are henotheistic religions. They recognize a single deity and view other Gods and Goddesses as manifestations or aspects of the supreme God. Hinduism has about nine hundred and fifty million followers that is about fourteen percent of the world’s population. It is the dominant religion in India, Nepal, and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka. Christianity was founded in the early 1st century AD. Christianity has around two billion followers. That is around thirty three percent of the world’s population. Hinduism is a constantly changing religion. It was not founded by a person or prophet. Hinduism is characterized by its beliefs in reincarnation. Hindus believe in one Supreme Being but in many Lords. There are said to be three hundred and thirty-three million Lords. The lords are perceived as divine creations of that one being. Hinduism views compose of three worlds, the physical universe, subtle astral, and the spiritual universe. Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ. To be a Christian you have to believe only in Jesus and acknowledge him as your only savior. The Bible is the main source of the principles and values of Christianity. The Veda is the Hindu holy book. The Veda consist of four books; Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva. The books include over 100,000 verses.  The knowledge imparted by the Vedas ranges from earthy devotion to high philosophy. Christianity is an organized missionary religion. The Christian Church is divided into three major groups, the Roman Catholic Church, the Protestant Churches and the Orthodox Churches. Hinduism does not have a centrally controlling organization it has some ancient scriptures to guide it. That is a joke. Christianity believes that God created the world out of nothing. Hindus say that is not true. Nothing can come out of nothing. That everything has to exist from something. So Hindus think God created the world out of himself using the elements and qualities of his energy. Christians believes that God and men are different. God created man in His own image. The world and men exist separately from God. Hindus believe the whole universe is enveloped and inhabited by God. Hindus believes that the universe was created billions of years ago through a gradual process of materialization brought out by Prakriti and that the earth is just one world in a series of thousands of worlds. Christiani ty believes that the world was created a few thousand years ago over a period of seven days. That the earth is the center of the universe. Hindus do not believe in conversion of people. A person becomes a Hindu either by birth or through conscious that is by choice. Christians accepts conversion as a way of saving them from certain damnations. It is the responsibility and sacred duty of every Christian to save everyone who are not Christians by bringing them to Jesus. Hindus do not believe that you go to heaven or hell like Christianity rather they believe in the concept of Karma. Hinduism men are judged by their own karma. If you do badly in one life you have many more to work the bad karma off. The only way to get out of the cycle of life and death is to achieve true enlightenment. When a person achieves enlightenment he or she doesn’t go to heaven or hell, he or she is beyond heaven or hell. He or she would have become part of the entire universe. When enlightenment is reached they become part of God. Hindus believe that the death of a human being only extinguishes the bodily form of existences as the soul reincarnates in  another life form. They believe that a human being has it within his ability to attain Moksha, the final extrication of the soul, by applying the principles suggested by the scriptures. Christianity believes a person commits sin against God by bracken the ten commandments. If someone leads a life of sin without acknowledging God and without believing in Jesus, he will become a victim of the Devil and fall into temptation. If he is a true believer, God will save him and grant him an eternal life in heaven. It is the conduct of a person on earth that determines the person’s fate. A sinner can seek forgiveness of God and Jesus through repentance and submission and he will be forgiven according to the strength of his belief. On the Judgment Day all souls are resurrected and judged by God according to their actions on earth. Both Hinduism and Christianity believe in the eventual destruction of the world. However Hinduism does not believe in the permanent destruction of the world but in the repetitive nature of creation. There will be repetitive cycles of creation followed by destruction. In Christianity after that happens they reside either in the heaven or in hell eternally. Hindus worship a lot. They commonly worship shrines in three different environments, in temples, in the home, and in outdoor public spaces. Hindus believe that if proper care is not taken of a temple’s images, the deity will abandon the temple. Hence priests reside at the temple and take care of the gods’ needs. Priests perform puja at sunrise, noon, sunset, and midnight. For a layperson, however, visiting a temple every day or even regularly is not mandatory, and many devout Hindus worship at home. The essential aspect of puja is not congregational worship but an individual’s offering to a deity. Worship in the home usually takes place daily. Christians will worship anywhere. However when they come together to worship they will usually come together in a church. Prayers are usually done before a meal and before bed. It can be done at any time whenever a Christian fills the need to pray. Some holidays that Hindus celebrate are Shivarathri â€Å"The Night of Shiva† a festival celebrated in honor of Lord Shiva, Holi, Raksha Bandhan which is celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu month of Sravan (August-September). It is one of the important Hindu festivals. Hindus who  wear a new holy thread offer their respects to the ancient Rishis by offering them water on this day. Telugu New Year’s is celebrated on the first day of the month of Chaitra (March-April).This is a happy day and is celebrated with great enthusiasm. This is New Year’s Day for the people of Andhra Pradesh and also the Telugu people all over the world. Navarathri is celebrated twice in a year, once it is celebrated in the month of Chaitra and then again in Aswayuja. It lasts for nine days in honor of the nine forms of goddess Durga. During Navaratri devotees of her observe a fast. Brahmins are given food and prayers are offered as it is believed that this provides protection of health and property. Ganesh Chaturthi is most popular of all Hindu festivals. It is the birthday of Lord Ganesha. It is the most sacred day for Lord Ganesha. It falls on the 4th day of fortnight called Bhadrapada. It is observed throughout India as well as by devoted Hindus in all parts of the world. Krishna Janmashtami is the birthday of Lord Krishna, who is the eighth Divine Incarnation. It is believed that Lord Krishna was born at midnight. Many people go on a twenty-four hour fast on this day, which is broken at midnight. Ramnavmi is the last one. Christianity has a lot of holidays too but the really important ones are Christmas Eve which is the day before Jesus Christ was born. Christmas Day is the day Jesus Christ was born. There is Ash Wednesday which derives its name from the practice of placing ashes on the foreheads of adherents. Doing this is a sign of mourning and repentance to God. When God was walking to be crucified there was a village that laid palm tree leaves down for him to walk on. When he left they burned them and that is where the ashes come from. It also starts Lent. During Lent, many of the faithful commit to fasting or giving up certain types of luxuries as a form of penitence. Good Friday, the passion or and death on the cross of the Lord, Jesus Christ. Easter is the day Jesus resurrected. Now let’s talk about food. Christians have no limitations to what they eat, but the Hindus do. They cannot eat onions or garlic. Onions and garlic cloud the mind with passion. I think that is funny. Also onions and garlic gives the breath an odor which offends Lord Krishna. Mushrooms cannot be eaten because they grow in dung and an unclean ground. Anything from a cow is forbidden. Cows are sacred. They are known as â€Å"the mother†. So they cannot  eat cheese, milk, butter, or any of the cow’s or cow’s meat. They also cannot eat pigs. Pigs are forbidden also. Vegetarianism is very common in the Hindu religion. About thirty percent of Hindus are Vegetarians. In conclusion I had a lot of fun learning about both these religions. I learned that Hindus have a lot of gods and pray a lot. I don’t think I could pray that much. Christianity only has one god that is thought to be three other things. I had a little trouble understanding that one. They both are very complex. They have many other religions that branch from them.

Human Use of Animals

Human Use of Animals: Summary and Critique Charles Hall Ivy Bridge College In his interviews with both The Open University and The Colbert Report, Dr. Peter Singer discusses the unethical human use of animals. Most of his claims are highly controversial and are not taken well by most people. Human Use of Animals: Summary and Critique The use of animals in modern civilization has been a controversial subject for the past few decades.Author and Philosopher Peter Singer has made his standpoint clear on this particular subject. In his interviews with The Open University and Stephen Colbert he explains why he believes in what he does and gives his reasoning behind it. Singer’s idea of what defines a person is, â€Å"a person is someone who is aware of their own existence over time, and who is aware enough to realize that they are the same being who lived previously and who can expect to keep living into the future. (Singer 2008) he goes on to give details of what constitutes perso nhood by stating that infants are not persons because they have not yet become self-aware, but a chimpanzee is a person because it can recognize itself in a mirror. He also states that humans with severe brain damage or someone who is intellectually impaired may have once been a person but is no longer a person. Dr.Singer believes that this is an important argument to the wrongness of killing as he clearly states, â€Å"I do think the idea of a being who can envisage his or her own future is morally significant, because if you compare the wrongness of killing a being who is capable of having some anticipation of the future, some desires for the future, perhaps even some projects to complete in the future, and you kill such a person who wants to go on living, you’re doing something wrong to that person which is something you’re not doing if you kill a being who is fully not a person and who can have no wishes or hopes for the future, and therefore you can’t cut off or thwart or frustrate those wishes for the future. So I think the concept of the person points to something that is relevant in the specific context of the wrongness of killing. † (Singer 2008) I disagree wholeheartedly with nearly all of his statements.He seems to state that in a life threatening situation he would put the interests of a chimpanzee before he would a new-born child, when as far as he knows the human child could grow up to be a great leader or scientist, but just because that child is not yet aware that it is not a person and therefore is not as important as the chimpanzee. Singer states that, â€Å"a person is someone who is capable of suffering and therefore it would be wrong to kill them. † If an infant is not a person and therefore is not capable of suffering, then why do they scream and cry when they are injured? Dr. Singer also states his view on the consumption of meat, saying that â€Å"Someone that eats meat is a speciesist because they do not take into account the feelings of the animal which they are eating. (Singer 2008) Could we not say that every species on this planet is the same way? Wolves do not eat other wolves, though they kill prey animals like deer. Does the wolf think about the deer not living anymore? Of course it does not. The wolf is designed to kill other animals to survive. Human beings may not possess the natural tools for hunting but we evolved to a point where we could make our own tools for that job. One could also argue that human beings are natural omnivores, which means that we evolved to eat plants as well as meat. From the archeological records, humans have been omnivorous as far back as science can tell. As soon as the domestication of food sources began, meat was part of humanity’s diet.Our teeth are designed to eat multiple types of food, and our digestive system has enzymes to break down meat that herbivores do not have. Dr. Singer give his view on why we treat animals different ly than human beings. â€Å"The point about speciesism is that we give less weight to the interests of beings who are not members of our species, simply because they are not members of our species; not looking at their individual characteristics, not looking at their capacities, or what’s good for them, or bad for them. But we just say, ‘well they’re not members of the species Homo sapiens, therefore we can use them for our purposes, for our own ends, we don’t have to treat them as if their ends mattered. Whereas if we have a human being, no matter what the mental level of that human being, that human being’s life is sacred, we must respect the dignity of that human being and so on. That’s speciesism, to just take the species in itself as determinative of moral status. † (Singer 2008) It is only natural to look out for the well-being of other members of our species before we think about the well-being of a member of another species. Wo uld you not save a human that is drowning before you tried to save a cow? In his interview with Stephen Colbert, Dr. Singer discusses the rights that animals should have. He talks about how we â€Å"imprison chimpanzees without trial but we do not do the same to humans without proper cause, in most cases. (Singer 2006) When you look at the fact that a Chimpanzee, even a small one is ten times stronger than a human being why would we just allow them to run free around our cities. Could you imagine going to the mall and having a rowdy group of chimpanzees running around the food court? Also, what if animals, which have no understanding of humanity, much less, politics are given the right to vote. That idea in itself is absurd because there are no other creatures on this planet mentally capable of voting in a civilized way other than humans. In Conclusion I would like to say that while I may not agree with Dr. Singer on his ideas of what constitute personhood, I am an animal lover and I do not wish for any animals to be mistreated.I grew up on a farm where we raised cattle, pigs, and chickens. I grew to care for some of these animals. I was also raised to believe that it was only natural for these animals to become food for my family. Humanity has raised, and cared for animals since ancient times. It is one of the things that defines us as a species. Hunting and gathering is encoded in the DNA of the species Homo sapiens. Why would we stop doing something that has been done for millennia? The ethics of the human use of animals is a question that only came to light in the past 100 or so years. What sparked that idea that animals should have the same rights as an intellectual human being?Our minds and the ability to ask the question why is what makes us persons, not just the fact that we can feel pain. The same question why, is what could inevitably be what destroys us as a civilization before all is said and done. References Singer. (Writer) (2008, January 28). H uman use of animals. Ethics Bites. [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www. open. edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/culture/philosophy/human-use-animals Singer, P. S. (2006). Peter singer [Television series episode]. In Colbert, S. (Executive Producer), the Colbert report. New York, NY: Comedy Central. Retrieved from http://www. colbertnation. com/the-colbert-report-videos/79412/december-11-2006/peter-singer

Confucian Philosophy Essay

2000 by Andre Levy All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in. writing from the publisher. The Association of American University Presses’ Resolution on Permissions constitutes the only exception to this prohibition. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39. 48-1984. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Levy, Andre, date [La litterature chinoise ancienne et classique. English] Chinese literature, ancient and classical / by Andre Levy ; translated by William H. Nienhauser, Jr. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-253-33656-2 (alk. paper) 1. Chinese literature—History and criticism. I. Nienhauser, William H. II. Title. PL2266. L48 2000 895. 1’09—dc21 99-34024 1 2 3 4 5 05 04 03 02 01 00. For my own early translators of French, Daniel and Susan Contents ix Preface 1 Introduction Chapter 1: Antiquity 5 I. Origins II. â€Å"Let a hundred flowers bloom, Let a hundred schools of thought contend! † 1. Mo zi and the Logicians 2. Legalism 3. The Fathers of Taoism III. The Confucian Classics 31 Chapter 2: Prose I. Narrative Art and Historical Records II. The Return of the â€Å"Ancient Style† III. The Golden Age of Trivial Literature IV. Literary Criticism Chapter 3: Poetry 61 I. The Two Sources of Ancient Poetry 1. The Songs of Chu 2. Poetry of the Han Court II. The Golden Age of Chinese Poetry 1. From Aesthetic Emotion to Metaphysical Flights 2. The Age of Maturity 3. The Late Tang III. The Triumph of Genres in Song Chapter 4: Literature of Entertainment: The Novel and Theater 105 I. Narrative Literature Written in Classical Chinese II. The Theater 1. The Opera-theater of the North 2. The Opera-theater of the South III. The Novel 1. Oral Literature 2. Stories and Novellas 3. The â€Å"Long Novel† or Saga Index 151 Translator’s Preface. I first became- interested in translating Andre Levy’s history of Chinese literature, La litterature chinoise ancienne et classique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1991), in 1996, after finding it in a bookshop in Paris. I read sections and was intrigued by Professor Levy’s approach, which was modeled on literary genres rather than political eras. I immediately thought about translating parts of the book for my graduate History of Chinese Literature class at the University of Wisconsin, a class in which the importance of dynastic change was also downplayed. Like many plans, this one was set aside. Last spring, however, when the panel on our field’s desiderata headed by David Rolston at the 1998 Association for Asian Studies Meeting pronounced that one of the major needs was for a concise history of Chinese literature in about 125 pages (the exact length of Professor Levy’s original text), I revived my interest in this translation. I proposed the book to John Gallman, Director of Indiana University Press, and John approved it almost immediately-but, not before warning me that this kind of project can take much more time than the translator originally envisions. Although I respect John’s experience and knowledge in publishing, I was sure I would prove the exception. After all, what kind of trouble could a little book of 125 pages cause? I soon found out. Professor Levy had originally written a much longer manuscript, which was to be published as a supplementary volume to Odile Kaltenmark-Ghequier’s La Litterature chinoise (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1948)’ in the Que sais-je? (What Do I Know? ) series. This concept, however, was soon abandoned, and it ‘Several decades ago Anne-Marie Geoghegan translated this volume as Chinese Literature (New York: Walker, 1964). x Translator’s Preface was decided to publish the Levy â€Å"appendix† as a separate volume-in 125 pages. Professor Levy was then asked to cut his manuscript by one-third. As a result, he was sometimes forced to presume in his audience certain knowledge that some readers of this book-for example, undergraduate students or interested parties with little background in Chinese literature-may not have. For this reason, working carefully with Professor Levy, I have added (or revived) a number of contextual sentences with these readers in mind. More information on many of the authors and works discussed in this history can be found in the entries in The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature (volumes 1 and 2; Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986 and 1998). Detailed references to these entries and other relevant studies can be found in the â€Å"Suggested Further Reading† sections at the end of each chapter (where the abbreviated reference Indiana Companion refers to these two volumes). I also discovered that re-translating Professor Levy’s French translations of Chinese texts sometimes resulted in renditions that were too far from the original, even in this age of â€Å"distance education. † So I have translated almost all of the more than 120 excerpts of original works directly from the original Chinese, using Professor Levy’s French versions as a guide wherever possible. All this was done with the blessing and cooperation of the author. Indeed, among the many people who helped with this translation, I would like to especially thank Professor Andre Levy for his unflinching interest in and support of this translation. Professor Levy has read much of the English version, including all passages that I knew were problematic (there are no doubt others! ), and offered comments in a long series of letters over the past few months. Without his assistance the translation would never have been completed. Here in Madison, a trio of graduate students have helped me with questions Translator’s Preface xi about the Chinese texts: Mr. Cao Weiguo riftlal, Ms. Huang Shu—yuang MV and Mr. Shang Cheng I*. They saved me E, from innumerable errors and did their work with interest and high spirits. Mr. Cao also helped by pointing out problems in my interpretation of the original French. Mr. Scott W. Galer of Ricks College read the entire manuscript and offered a number of invaluable comments. My wife, Judith, was unrelenting in her demands on behalf of the general reader. The most careful reader was, however, Jane Lyle of Indiana University Press, who painstakingly copy-edited the text. If there is a literary style to this translation, it is due to her efforts. My thanks, too, to the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation which supported me in Berlin through the summer of 1997 when I first read Professor Levy’s text, and especially to John Gallman, who stood behind this project from the beginning. Madison, Wisconsin, 16 February 1999 (Lunar New Year’s Day) Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical Introduction Could one still write, as Odile Kaltenmark-Ghequier did in 1948 in the What Do I Know series Number 296, which preceded this book, that â€Å"the study of Chinese literature, long neglected by the Occident, is still in its  infancy? â€Å"‘ Yes and no. There has been some spectacular progress and some foundering. At any rate, beginning at the start of the twentieth century, it was Westerners who were the first-followed by the Japanese, before the Chinese themselves-to produce histories of Chinese literature. Not that the Chinese tradition had not taken note of an evolution in literary genres, but the prestige of wen 5 signifying both â€Å"literature† and â€Å"civilization,† placed it above history-anthologies, compilations, and catalogues were preferred. Moreover, the popular side of literature-fiction, drama, and oral verse-because of its lack of â€Å"seriousness† or its â€Å"vulgarity,† was not judged dignified enough to be considered wen. Our goal is not to add a new work to an already lengthy list of histories of Chinese literature, nor to supplant the excellent summary by Odile Kaltenmark-Ghequier which had the impossible task of presenting a history of Chinese literature in about a hundred pages. Our desire would be rather to complement the list by presenting the reader with a different approach, one more concrete, less dependent on the dynastic chronology. Rather than a history, it is a picture-inevitably incompleteof Chinese literature of the past that this little book offers. Chinese â€Å"high† literature is based on a â€Å"hard core† of classical training consisting of the memorization of texts, nearly a half-million characters for every candidate who reaches the highest competitive examinations. We might see the classical art of writing as the arranging, in an appropriate and astute fashion, of lines recalled by memory, something ,  Ã¢â‚¬ËœOdile Kaltenmark-Ghequier, â€Å"Introduction,† La litterature chinoise (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1948), p. 5; â€Å"Que sais—je,† no. 296. 2 Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical that came almost automatically to traditional Chinese intellectuals. The goal of these writers was not solely literary. They hoped through their writings to earn a reputation that would help them find support for their efforts to pass the imperial civil-service examinations and thereby eventually win a position at court. Although there were earlier tests leading to political advancement, the system that existed nearly until the end of the imperial period in 1911 was known as the jinshi A ± or â€Å"presented scholar† examination (because successful candidates were â€Å"presented† to the emperor), and was developed during the late seventh and early eighth centuries A. D. It required the writing of poetry and essays on themes set by the examiners. Successful candidates were then given minor positions in the bureaucracy. Thus the memorization of a huge corpus of earlier literature and the ability to compose on the spot became the major qualifications for political office through most of the period from the eighth until the early twentieth centuries. These examinations, and literature in general, were composed in a classical, standard language comparable to Latin in the West. This â€Å"classical† language persisted by opposing writing to speech through a sort of partial bilingualism. The strict proscription of vulgarisms, of elements of the spoken language, from the examinations has helped to maintain the purity of classical Chinese. The spoken language, also labeled â€Å"vulgar,† has produced some literary monuments of its own, which were recognized as such and qualified as â€Å"classics† only a few decades ago. The unity of the two languages, classical and vernacular, which share the same fundamental structure, is undermined by grammars that are appreciably different, and by the fact that these languages hold to diametrically opposed stylistic ideals: lapidary concision on the one hand, and eloquent vigor on the other. We conclude by pointing out that educated Chinese add to their surnames, which are always given first, a great variety of personal names, which can be disconcerting at times. The standard given name (ming Introduction 3 is often avoided out of decorum; thus Tao Qian Miff is often referred to En We will retain only the by his zi (stylename) as Tao Yuanming best known of these names, avoiding hao at (literary name or nickname), bie hao ZIJM (special or particular literary name), and shi ming (residential name) whenever possible: When other names are used, the standard ming will be  given in parentheses. The goal here is to enable the reader to form an idea of traditional Chinese literature, not to establish a history of it, which might result in a lengthy catalogue of works largely unknown today. We are compelled to sacrifice quantity to present a limited number of literary â€Å"stars,† and to reduce the listing of their works to allow the citation of a number of previously unpublished translations, inevitably abridged but sufficient, we hope, to evoke the content of the original. The chronological approach will be handled somewhat roughly because of the need to follow the development of the great literary genres: after the presentation of antiquity, the period in which the common culture of the educated elite was established, comes an examination of the prose genres of â€Å"high† classical literature, then the description of the art most esteemed by the literati, poetry. The final section treats the literature of diversion, the most discredited but nonetheless highly prized, which brings together the novel and the theater. Chapter 1. Antiquity Ancient literature, recorded by the scribes of a rapidly evolving warlike and aristocratic society, has been carefully preserved since earliest times and has become the basis of Chinese lettered culture. It is with this in mind that one must approach the evolution of literature and its role over the course of the two-thousand-year-old imperial government, which collapsed in 1911, and attempt to understand the importance (albeit increasingly limited) that ancient literature retains today. The term â€Å"antiquity† applied to China posed no problems until certain Marxist historians went so far as to suggest that it ended only in 1919. The indigenous tradition had placed the break around 211 B. C. , when political unification brought about the establishment of a centralized but â€Å"prefectural† government under the Legalists, as well as the famous burning of books opposed to the Legalist state ideology. Yet to suggest that antiquity ended so early is to minimize the contribution of Buddhism and the transformation of thought that took place between the third and seventh centuries. The hypothesis that modernity began early, in the eleventh or perhaps twelfth century in China, was developed by Naito Konan NAM 1 (1866-1934). This idea has no want of critics or of supporters. It is opposed to the accepted idea in the West, conveyed by Marxism, that China, a â€Å"living fossil,† has neither entered modern times nor participated in â€Å"the global civilization† that started with the Opium War of 1840. Nor is there unanimity concerning the periodization proposed in historical linguistics, a periodization which distinguishes Archaic Chinese of High Antiquity (from the origins of language to the third century) from Ancient Chinese of Mid-Antiquity (sixth to twelfth centuries), then Middle Chinese of the Middle Ages (thirteenth-sixteenth centuries) from Modern Chinese (seventeenth-nineteenth centuries), and Recent Chinese (18401919) from Contemporary Chinese (1920 to the present). 6 Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical. In the area of literature, the beginning of the end of antiquity could perhaps be placed in the second century A. D. Archaeology has elevated our knowledge of more ancient writings toward the beginning of the second millennium B. C. , but this archaic period, discovered recently, cannot be considered part of literary patrimony in the strictest sense. Accounts of this archaic period are traditionally divided into six eras,2 but to honor them would be to fall into the servitude of a purely chronological approach. I. Origins Since the last year of the last century, when Wang Yirong . 1. 6M (1845-1900) compiled the first collection of inscriptions written on bones and shells, the increasing number of archaeological discoveries has allowed the establishment of a corpus of nearly 50,000 inscriptions extending over the period from the fourteenth to the tenth centuries before our era. Dong Zuobin (1895-1963) proposed a periodization for them and distinguished within them the styles of different schools of scribes. Scholars have managed to decipher a third of the total of some 6,000 distinct signs, which are clearly related to the system of writing used by the Chinese today-these were certainly not primitive forms of characters. The oracular inscriptions are necessarily short-the longest known text, of a hundred or so characters, covers the scapula of an ox and extends even over the supporting bones; the shell of a southern species of the great tortoise, also used to record divination, did not offer a more extensive surface. Whether a literature existed at this ancient time seems rather doubtful, but this scriptural evidence causes one to consider whether eras are the early Chou dynasty (eleventh century-722 B. C. ), the Spring and Autumn era (722-481 B. C. ), the Warring States (481-256 B. C. ), the Ch’in dynasty (256-206 B. C. ), the Western or Early Han dynasty (206 B. C. -A. D. 6), and the Eastern or Latter Han dynasty (25-A. D. 220). 2These Chapter 1. Antiquity 7 the Shu jing Efg (Classic of Documents), supposedly â€Å"revised† by Confucius but often criticized as a spurious text, was based in part on authentic texts. The presence of an early sign representing a bundle of slips of wood or bamboo confirms the existence of a primitive form of book in a very ancient era-texts were written on these slips, which were then bound together to form a â€Å"fascicle. † The purpose of these ancient archives, which record the motivation for the diviner’s speech, his identity, and sometimes the result, has been ignored. Of another nature are the inscriptions on bronze that appeared in about the eleventh century B. C. and went out of fashion in the second century B.C. They attracted the attention of amateur scholars from the eleventh century until modern times. Many collections of inscriptions on â€Å"stone and bronze† have been published in the intervening eras. The longest texts extend to as much as five-hundred signs, the forms of which often seem to be more archaic than those of the inscriptions on bones and shells. The most ancient inscriptions indicate nothing more than the person to whom the bronze was consecrated or a commemoration of the name of the sponsor. Toward the tenth century B. C. the texts evolved from several dozen to as many as a hundred signs and took on a commemorative character. The inspiration for these simple, solemn texts is not always easily discernible because of the obscurities of the archaisms in the language. An echo of certain pieces transmitted by the Confucian school can be seen in some texts, but their opacity has disheartened many generations of literati. II. â€Å"Let a hundred flowers bloom, Let a hundred schools of thought contend! † This statement by Mao Zedong, made to launch a liberalization movement that was cut short in 1957, was inspired by an exceptional period in Chinese cultural history (from the fifth to the third centuries 8 Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical B. C. ) in which there was a proliferation of schools-the â€Å"hundred schools. † The various masters of these schools offered philosophical, often political, discussion. The growth of these schools paralleled the rise of rival states from the time of Confucius (the Latinized version of the Chinese original, Kong Fuzi TL-T- or Master Kong, ca. 551-479 B. C. ) to the end of the Warring States period (221 B. C. ). The â€Å"hundred schools† came to an end with the unification of China late in the third century B. C. under the Legalist rule of the Qin dynasty (221-206 B. C. ). This era of freedom of thought and intellectual exchange never completely ceased to offer a model, albeit an unattainable model, in the search for an alternative to the oppressive ideology imposed by the centralized state. Much of what has reached us from this lost world was saved in the wake of the reconstruction of Confucian writings (a subject to which we will turn shortly). The texts of the masters of the hundred schools, on the periphery of orthodox literati culture, are of uneven quality, regardless of the philosophy they offer. Even the best, however, have not come close to dethroning the â€Å"Chinese Socrates,† Confucius, the first of the great thinkers, in both chronology and importance. 1. Mo Zi and the Logicians. The work known as Mo Zi (Master Mo) is a collection of the writings of a sect founded by Mo Di g, an obscure personage whom scholars have wanted to make a contemporary of Confucius. It has been hypothesized that the name Mo, â€Å"ink,† referred to the tattooing of  a convict in antiquity, and the given name, Di, indicates the pheasant feathers that decorated the hats of the common people. Although we can only speculate about whether Mo Zi was a convict or a commoner, he argued for a kind of bellicose pacifism toward aggressors, doing his best to promote, through a utilitarian process of reasoning, the necessity of believing in the gods and of practicing universal love without discrimination. Condemning the extravagant expense of funerals as well as the uselessness of art and music, Mo Zi Chapter 1. Antiquity 9 wrote in a style of discouraging weight. The work that has come down to us under his name (which appears to be about two-thirds of the original text) represents a direction which Chinese civilization explored without ever prizing. Mo Zi’s mode of argument has influenced many generations of logicians and sophists, who are known to us only in fragments, the main contribution of which has been to demonstrate in their curious way of argumentation peculiar features of the Chinese language. Hui Shi Ea is known only by the thirty-some paradoxes which the incomparable Zhuang Zi cites, without attempting to solve, as in: There is nothing beyond the Great Infinity. . . and the Small Infinity is not inside. The antinomies of reason have nourished Taoist thought, if not the other way around, as Zhuang Zi attests after the death of his friend Hui Shi: Zhuang Zi was accompanying a funeral procession. When he passed by the grave of Master Hui he turned around to say to those who were following him: â€Å"A fellow from Ying had spattered the tip of his nose with a bit of plaster, like the wing of a fly. He had it removed by [his crony] the carpenter Shi, who took his ax and twirled it around. He cut it off, then heard a wind: the plaster was entirely removed without scratching his nose. The man from Ying had remained standing, impassive. When he learned of this, Yuan, the sovereign of the country of Song, summoned the carpenter Shih and said to him, â€Å"Try then to do it again for Us. † The carpenter responded, â€Å"Your servant is capable of doing it; however, the material that he made use of died long ago. † After the death of the Master, I too no longer can find the material: I no longer have anyone to talk to. (Zhuang Zi 24) Sons of the logicians and the sophists, the rhetoricians shared with the Taoists a taste for apologues. They opposed the Taoist solution of a 10 Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical detached â€Å"non-action,† involved as they were in diplomatic combat. Held in contempt by the Confucians for their â€Å"Machiavellianism,† the Zhanguo ce Vg (Intrigues of the Warring States) remains the most representative work of the genre. It was reconstructed several centuries later by Liu Xiang gj 1-(4] (77-6 B. C. ), but the authenticity of these reassembled materials seems to have been confirmed by the discovery of parallel texts in a tomb at Mawang Dui gUttg in 1973. A great variety animates these accounts, both speeches and chronicles; they are rich in dialogue, which cannot be represented by this single, although characteristic, anecdote—it is inserted without commentary into the â€Å"intrigues† (or â€Å"slips†) of the state of Chu: The King of Wei offered the King of Chu a beautiful girl who gave him great satisfaction. Knowing how much the new woman pleased him, his wife, the queen, showed her the most intense affection. She chose clothes and baubles which would please her and gave them to her; it was the same for her with rooms in the palace and bed clothes. In short, she gratified her with more attention than the king himself accorded her. He congratulated her for it: a woman serves her husband through her carnal appeal, and jealousy is her nature. Now, understanding how I love the new woman, my wife shows her more love than I—it is thus that the filial son serves his parents, that the loyal servant fulfills his duties toward his prince. As she knew that the king did not consider her jealous, the queen suggested to her rival: â€Å"The king appreciates your beauty. However, he is not that fond of your nose. You would do better to hide it when he receives you. † Therefore, the new one did so when she saw His Majesty. The king asked his wife why his favorite hid her nose in his presence. She responded, â€Å"I know. † â€Å"Even if it is unpleasant, tell me! † insisted the king. â€Å"She does not like your odor. † â€Å"The brazen hussy! † cried the sovereign. â€Å"Her nose is to be cut off, and let no one question my order! † Chapter 1. Antiquity 11 The Yan Zi chunqiu *T-*V( (Springs and Autumns of Master Yen) is another reconstruction by Liu Xiang, a collection of anecdotes about Yan Ying RV, a man of small stature but great ability who was prime minister to Duke Jing of Qi (547-490 B.C. )-the state that occupies what is now Shandong. Without cynicism, but full of shrewdness, these anecdotes do not lack appeal; some have often been selected as anthology pieces, of which this one is representative: When Master Yan was sent as an ambassador to Chu, the people of the country constructed a little gate next to the great one and invited him to enter. Yan Zi refused, declaring that it was suitable for an envoy to a country of dogs, but that it was to Chu that he had come on assignment. The chamberlain had him enter by the great gate. The King of Chu received him and said to him: â€Å"Was there then no one in Qi, for them to have sent you? † â€Å"How can you say there is no one in Qi, when there would be darkness in our capital of Linzi if the people of the three hundred quarters spread out their sleeves, and it would rain if they shook off their perspiration-so dense is the population. † â€Å"But then why have you been sent? † â€Å"The practice in Qi is to dispatch a worthy envoy to a worthy sovereign; I am the most unworthy. . . .† 2. Legalism. The diplomatic manipulations and other little anecdotes we have seen in the Yan Zi chunqiu were of little interest to the Legalists, who took their name from the idea that the hegemonic power of the state is founded on a system of implacable laws supposing the abolition of hereditary privileges-indeed a tabula rasa that rejects morals and traditions. In fact, historians associate them with all thought that privileges efficacy. From this point of view, the most ancient â€Å"Legalist† would be the artisan of Qi’s hegemony in the seventh century B. C. , Guan Zi (Master Guan). The work that was handed down under his name is a composite text and in reality contains no material prior to the third century B. C. Whether or not he should be considered a Legalist, Guan Zi 12 Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical embodies the idea that the power of the state lies in its prosperity, and this in turn depends on the circulation of goods. In sum, Guan Zi stands for a proto-mercantilism diametrically opposed to the primitive physiocraticism of Gongsun Yang (altV (also known as Shang Yang ), minister of Qin in the fourth century. Shang jun shu 1 (The 2 Book of Lord Shang), which is attributed to Gongsun Yang, gives the Legalist ideas a particularly brutal form: It is the nature of people to measure that which is advantageous to them, to seize the best, and to draw to themselves that which is profitable. The enlightened lord must take care if he wants to establish order in his country and to be able to turn the population to his advantage, for the population has at its disposal a great number of means to avoid the strictness that it fears. Within the country he must cause the people to consecrate themselves to farming; without he must cause them to be singly devoted to warfare. This is why the order of a sage sovereign consists of multiplying interdictions in order to prevent infractions and relying on force to put an end to fraud. (Shang jun shu, â€Å"Suan di†) Shang Yang’s prose is laden with archaisms, which hardly lighten the weight of his doctrine. It is in the work of Han Fei Zi 4-T- (ca. 280-233) that Legalism found its most accomplished formulation. The book Han Fei Zi contains a commentary on the Classic of the Way and of Power of Lao Zi in which the ideal of Taoist non-action is realized by the automatism of laws. The â€Å"artifice† of the latter may go back to the Confucianism of Xun Zi (Master Xun, also known as Xun Qing ,Ajja, ca. 300-230 B. C. ), a school rejected by orthodox Confucianism. Xun Zi, who happens to have been the teacher of Han Fei Zi, developed the brilliant theory that human nature inclines individuals to satisfy their egoistic appetites: it was therefore bad for advanced societies of the time. The â€Å"rites†-culture-are necessary for socialization. Xun Zi’s Chapter 1. Antiquity 13 argumentation was unprecedentedly elaborate, examining every facet of a question while avoiding repetition. In a scintillating style peppered with apologues, Han Fei Zi argues that the art of governing requires techniques other than the simple manipulation of rewards and punishments. The prince is the cornerstone of a system that is supposed to ensure him of a protective impenetrableness. The state must devote itself to eliminating the useless, noxious five â€Å"parasites† or â€Å"vermin:† the scholars, rhetoricians, knights-errant, deserters, and merchants (perhaps even artisans). 3. The Fathers of Taoism. A philosophy of evasion, this school was opposed to social and political engagement. From the outset Taoism was either a means to flee society and politics or a form of consolation for those who encountered reversals in politics and society. The poetic power of its writings, which denounced limits and aphorisms of reason, explains the fascination that it continues to hold for intellectuals educated through the rationalism of the Confucians. These works, like most of the others from antiquity that were attributed to a master, in fact seem to be rather disparate texts of a school. The Dao de jing ittitg (Classic of the Way and of Power) remains the most often translated Chinese work—and the first translated, if one counts the lost translation into Sanskrit by the monk Xuanzang WM in the seventh century A. D. This series of aphorisms is attributed to Lao Zi (Master. Lao or â€Å"The Old Master†), whom tradition considers a contemporary of Confucius. He is said to have left this â€Å"testament† as he departed the Chinese world via the Xian’gu Pass for the West. In their polemics against the Buddhists, the Taoists of the following millennium used this story as the basis on which to affirm that the Buddha was none other than their Chinese Lao Zi, who had been converting the barbarians of the West since his departure from China. Modern scholarship estimates that the Lao Zi could not date earlier than the third century B. C. The 1973 discoveries at Mawang Dui in Hunan confirmed what scholars had suspected for centuries: the primitive Lao Zi is reversed in respect to 14 Chinese Literature, Ancient and Classical  ours: a De dao jing â€Å"1,M1# § (Classic of Power and the Way). Its style, which is greatly admired for its obscure concision, seems to owe much to the repair work of the commentator Wang Bi . T3 (226-249). Thus it is tenable that the primitive Lao Zi was a work of military strategy. Whatever it was, the text that is preferred today runs a little over 5,000 characters and is divided into 81 sections (9 x 9). The Taoist attitude toward life is expressed here in admirably striking formulae, which lend themselves to many esoteric interpretations: He who knows does not speak; he who speaks does not know (#56). Govern a great state as you would fry small fish! (#60). Practice non-action, attend to the useless, taste the flavorless. (#63) The Zhuang Zi ate, written by Zhuang Zhou 4. -B1 or Zhuang Zi (Master Zhuang), was apparently abridged at about the same time as the Lao Zi, but at the hands of the commentator Guo Xiang # -IM (d. 312), who cut it from fifty-two to thirty-three sections. Scholars cannot agree whether the seven initial sections, called â€Å"the inner chapters,† are from the same hand of Zhuang Zhou as the sixteen following, called â€Å"the outer chapters,† and the final ten â€Å"miscellaneous chapters. † It is in the final ten that we find a characteristic arrangement of reconstructions from the first century, works of one school attributed to one master. In fact, it is the first part which gives the most lively impression of an encounter with an animated personality whose mind is strangely vigorous and disillusioned: Our life is limited, but knowledge is without limit. To follow the limitless with that which is limited will exhaust one. To go unrelentingly after knowledge is exhausting and c.

Lack of Flexibility with Employees Essay

One of the main reasons that the company William Beckett & Co needs to have a flexible work force is a factor that we have already spoken about which is the increase of work for the company that has happened in the last few years, which has created a few problems for them in most parts of the business. The other major factor that requires the company to have a flexible works force is the job rotation strategy that I have also mentioned earlier. This can only work if the employees themselves have the skills and abilities to actually perform this different jobs otherwise the whole thing will break down. If the employees don’t have the right skills and abilities then the process is pointless and costly to the company as the workers would be very ineffective to produce the same standard of work that the other employees produce as they have been trained to do this. â€Å"Although many view employee training as a necessary evil and expense that must be tolerated, a well designed training program pays for itself and increases the bottom line. Such a program teaches new employees to â€Å"do it right the first time,† thus minimizing down time, equipment damage, and personal injury while maximizing productivity and profits† http://pages.prodigy. net/pblair/ttthome. htm (technical training tips) To help control the increasing level of work that the company has, they would need a flexible workforce who could move around to different areas in the company to help out with the work in order to create some stability of the work that is coming in and the work that is being completed. This would allow the company to deal with the influx of work, help the productivity of the company and even help with the motivation of the employees, whilst maintaining the impressive level of sales. As the company is over run with business, they are in need of more staff to handle the amount of work which they are generating. So the director employees a new sales administrator to help with the situation. The problem is that the person he has employed is a friend of his so he has had no formal interview or application. After a while the man redefines his own job to sales representative as he is more experienced at doing this job as he knows more about this side of the company than the administration side. The director had employed his friend to do a job he is not really qualified or able to do. I believe that the company needs to set up a human resource department which would be able to deal with the recruitment of new employees for the company. The problems with recruiting employees who are not able to do the job are that the will not be able to complete jobs on time or to a high standard of quality, which also means that productivity will be affect and the employee himself will be unhappy as he isn’t able to perform the duties in his job specification. Once the HR department is setup the managers will be able to move some of their tasks over to them like recruitment, appraisals, motivational and training. As the directors are struggling to do this now the only solution would be to set up the Hr department as soon as possible. The training needs are needed throughout the company, this is due to the fact that the company has grown rapidly and the fact that the company has invested in a new range of technologies to keep them up to date with their competitors and the changes in the market. I have identified certain areas that need improving with the management which are leadership training, interpersonal relationships need to be worked on and they also need to be able to delegate tasks and responsibility. â€Å"The interpersonal skills when the one to one trainer has to exercise are described by Megginson and Boydell (1979) as being similar to those required by the skilful counsellor† page 229 of the theory and practice of training, 4th edition by Roger Buckley and Jim Caple. The results of this should be an increase in productivity and an improvement in sales. They could also develop their own internal learning programme as they don’t have a lot of time to send them away from the company for a long time as they are so busy. The lower level staff need new training as they will not be able to work effectively enough with the new technologies as they will not be familiar with it compared to the old equipment they were familiar with. The areas that they will need to be trained on are their team working abilities, stress and pressure courses, good communication and motivation skills and theories. This should help the employees to work together as a team which will help morale and productivity as a team that are working together and are happy will be a great asset to the company.

Free Essays on Paul Gauguin

Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin Was Born in Paris on June 7, 1848. He father, Clovis Gauguin, was radical journalist for Le National. His mother, Aline Marie Chazal, is the daughter of the writer and political activist, Flora Tristan. In 1851 The Gauguin Family, Fearing the government, leaves France and goes to live with Aline’s great uncle in Lima, Peru. His father, Clovis, died along the way. Aline Returns to France with Paul and his older sister Marie and settled in Orleans with her late husband ‘s father and brother. Aline move to Paris where Gustave Arosa, a wealthy businessman of Spanish decent, befriends her and her two children. Gauguin prepares to take the entrance examination for the Marine Academy. Gauguin enlists with the French Merchant navy and his first trip took him to Rio de Janeiro. Aline died on July 7, 1867. When he returned to Paris Gauguin joins the stockbroking firm of Paul Bertin at the Instigation of his patron, Gustave Arosa. He meets and begins a close friendship with the painter Emile Schuffenecker. He also meets his future wife, the Danish Mette-Sophie Gad, through Arosa’s circle. Gauguin and Mette marry on November 22, 1873 and they had five children: Emil (1874), Aline (1877), Clovis (1879), Jean-Rene (1881), and Paul Rollon (also known as Pola, 1883). The Gauguin family left for Copenhagen where the mounting friction between Mette and Paul leads to a breakdown in the marriage. Under Pressure from the Academy of Art, Gauguin closes his one-man exhibition after only five days. In June 1885 he leaves for Paris with his son Clovis. Mette and the other children stay behind in Denmark. Lack of money and his son’s ill health compel Gauguin to take a job as a billsticker. Nineteen Gauguin canvasses from 1884-85 are displayed at the 8th Impressionist Exhibition in Paris. Gauguin Meets the ceramist Ernest Chaplet and works with him later in the same year. After leaving Clovis with family, Gauguin goes to Po... Free Essays on Paul Gauguin Free Essays on Paul Gauguin Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin Was Born in Paris on June 7, 1848. He father, Clovis Gauguin, was radical journalist for Le National. His mother, Aline Marie Chazal, is the daughter of the writer and political activist, Flora Tristan. In 1851 The Gauguin Family, Fearing the government, leaves France and goes to live with Aline’s great uncle in Lima, Peru. His father, Clovis, died along the way. Aline Returns to France with Paul and his older sister Marie and settled in Orleans with her late husband ‘s father and brother. Aline move to Paris where Gustave Arosa, a wealthy businessman of Spanish decent, befriends her and her two children. Gauguin prepares to take the entrance examination for the Marine Academy. Gauguin enlists with the French Merchant navy and his first trip took him to Rio de Janeiro. Aline died on July 7, 1867. When he returned to Paris Gauguin joins the stockbroking firm of Paul Bertin at the Instigation of his patron, Gustave Arosa. He meets and begins a close friendship with the painter Emile Schuffenecker. He also meets his future wife, the Danish Mette-Sophie Gad, through Arosa’s circle. Gauguin and Mette marry on November 22, 1873 and they had five children: Emil (1874), Aline (1877), Clovis (1879), Jean-Rene (1881), and Paul Rollon (also known as Pola, 1883). The Gauguin family left for Copenhagen where the mounting friction between Mette and Paul leads to a breakdown in the marriage. Under Pressure from the Academy of Art, Gauguin closes his one-man exhibition after only five days. In June 1885 he leaves for Paris with his son Clovis. Mette and the other children stay behind in Denmark. Lack of money and his son’s ill health compel Gauguin to take a job as a billsticker. Nineteen Gauguin canvasses from 1884-85 are displayed at the 8th Impressionist Exhibition in Paris. Gauguin Meets the ceramist Ernest Chaplet and works with him later in the same year. After leaving Clovis with family, Gauguin goes to Po...

Value Chain in Dominos Pizza Essays

Value Chain in Dominos Pizza Essays Value Chain in Dominos Pizza Paper Value Chain in Dominos Pizza Paper 1. OVERVIEW Domino’s Pizza is the No. 1 Pizza Delivery Company in the world and the undisputed pizza delivery expert. The Company has a unique business and operation model and is a pioneer in the fast food industry. Since 1960, Domino’s Pizza has successfully expanded from 3 outlets in the United State to 9,350 stores operating in seventy countries. Domino’s operation in Malaysia and overseas uses the franchise model. The parent company, Domino’s Pizza LLC is head quartered in Michigan, United State of America. It maintains overall control on the sourcing and supplying of raw materials to the master franchises and enforces quality of the service and products sold. Founded in 1960, Dominos Pizza is the recognized world leader in pizza delivery operating a network of company-owned and franchise-owned stores in the United States and international markets. Dominos Pizzas Vision illustrates a company of exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. 2. HISTORY The legend of Domino’s Pizza dates back to December, 1960 with the purchase of a small pizza shop in Ypsilanti, Michigan by brothers Tom and Jim Monaghan. The brothers bought the restaurant from friend Dominick DeVarti for USD500 cash and assuming the stores USD8,000 debt (Dicke, 1992). Neither Tom nor Jim had the intention of making the restaurant business their career, but rather saw the opportunity as a part-time venture to help cover the cost of their studies at the nearby University of Michigan. By June the store was earning a profitable USD400 a week but briskly fell off when students at the University went home for summer. Faced with the prospect of a slow phase, Jim sold Tom his half of the business in.. Domino’s One Brand -Putting People First -Demanding Integrity -Striving for Customer Loyalty -Delivering with Smart Hustle ; Positive Energy -Winning by Improving Results Everyday Making pizza since 1960 Like most corporate success stories, Dominos started out small – with just one store in 1960. However, in 1978 the 200th Dominos store opened, and things really began to cook. By 1983 there were 1,000 Dominos stores and 5,000 in 1989. Today, there are nearly 10,000 stores – including more than 5,000 outside the United States. Sure, it took more than 50 years to get here, but the trip was well worth it. Feel free to take the journey yourself. Order a hot, Dominos Pizza for delivery to your door and make your familys dinner the best they have ever had. 1960s1960 * Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchase DomiNicks, a pizza store in Ypsilanti, Mich. Monaghan borrowed $500 to buy the store. 1961 * James Monaghan trades his half of the business to Tom for a Volkswagen Beetle. 1965 * Tom Monaghan, the sole owner of company, renames the business Dominos Pizza, Inc. 1967 * The first Dominos Pizza franchise store opens in Ypsilanti, Mich. 1968 * Company headquarters and commissary are destroyed by fire. The first Dominos store outside of Michigan opens in Burlington, Vt. |   | | 1970s1975 * Amstar Corp. , maker of Domino Sugar, institutes a trademark infringement lawsuit against Dominos Pizza. 1978 * The 200th Dominos store opens. |   | | 1980s1980 * Federal court rules Dominos Pizza did not infringe on t he Domino Sugar trademark. 1983 * Dominos first international store opens in Winnipeg, Canada. * The 1,000th Dominos store opens. gt;;;; * The first Dominos store opens on the Australian continent, in Queensland, Australia. 1985 * Dominos opens 954 units, for a total of 2,841, making Dominos the fastest-growing pizza company in the country. * The first Dominos store opens in the United Kingdom, in Luton, England. * The first Dominos store opens on the continent of Asia, in Minato, Japan. 1988 * The first Dominos store opens on the South American continent, in Bogota, Colombia. 1989 * Pan Pizza, the companys first new product, is introduced. * Dominos opens its 5,000th tore. |   |   | 1990s1990 * Dominos Pizza signs its 1,000th franchise. 1992 * Dominos rolls out bread sticks, the companys first national nonpizza menu item. 1993 * Thin Crust pizza is rolled out nationwide. * The company discontinues the 30-minute guarantee and re-emphasizes the Total Satisfaction Guarantee: If fo r any reason you are dissatisfied with your Dominos Pizza dining experience, we will remake your pizza or refund your money. 1994 * Buffalo Wings are rolled out in all U. S. stores. 1995 * Dominos Pizza International opens its 1,000th store. First store opens on African continent, in Cairo, Egypt. 1996 * Dominos launches its website (www. dominos. com). * Dominos rolls out flavored crusts, for limited-time-only promotions, nationally for the first time in company history. * The company reaches record sales of $2. 8 billion system-wide in 1996. 1997 * Dominos Pizza opens its 1,500th store outside the United States, opening seven stores in one day on five continents simultaneously. * Dominos Pizza launches a campaign to update the company logo and store interiors with brighter colors and a newer look. 998 * Dominos launches another industry innovation, Dominos HeatWave ®, a hot bag using patented technology that keeps pizza oven-hot to the customers door. ;;;; * Dominos Pizza opens its 6,000th store in San Francisco, Calif. in April. * Dominos Pizza founder, Tom Monaghan, announces his retirement to pursue other interests, and gives up ownership of the company to Bain Capital Inc. 1999 * David A. Brandon is named Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Dominos Pizza. * The company announces record results for 1999, with worldwide sales exceeding $3. 6 billion. Revenues increased 4. 4% over 1998. |   |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | 2000s2000 * Dominos Pizza International opens its 2,000th store outside the United States. * Dominos Pizza celebrates 40 years of innovation and delivering pizza to homes around the world. During the past four decades, Dominos has paved the way for businesses involved in food delivery, employing practices that have set the standard in the industry. * Dominos Pizza announces record results for 2000. Worldwide sales exceed $3. 54 billion. Revenues increased 5. 3% over 1999. 001 * Dominos introduces Cinna Stixà ‚ ®, a new permanent dessert item, to its menu. * Dominos launches Get the Door. Its Dominos. advertising campaign. * Dominos 7,000th store opens in Brooklyn, N. Y. ;;;; * Dominos launches two-year national partnership with the Make-A-Wish Foundation ®Ã‚  of America. * Dominos stores in New York City and Washington, D. C. , provide more than 12,000 pizzas to relief workers following the September 11 tragedy. Dominos establishes a team member matching funds program to financially assist the American Red Cross and donates $350,000 to the Disaster Relief Effort. Dominos Pizza International division establishes Dominos first regional resource center with the majority stake purchase of the franchise in the Netherlands, setting the stage for expansion on the European continent. * Dominos pizza announces record results for 2001. Worldwide sales exceed $3. 78 billion. Revenues increased 6. 8 percent over 2000. 2002 * In February 2002, Dominos Pizza acquired 82 franchised stores in the Ph oenix, Ariz. , market, making it the largest store acquisition in the companys history. In August 2002, Dominos kicked delivery up a notch with the introduction of Dominos Pizza Buffalo Chicken Kickersâ„ ¢ and marked the creation of a whole new surprising category – premium chicken delivered right to the door! 2003 * Dominos announces an exciting multi-year partnership by becoming the Official Pizza of NASCAR. * Dominos is named Chain of the Year by Pizza Today magazine, a leading pizza trade publication. * Dominos combines two culinary classics – pizza and Philadelphia Cheese Steak – to create   Dominos Philly Cheese Steak Pizza. 004 * Dominos launches Dominos Cheesy Dotsâ„ ¢, delicious round balls of dough covered in a blend of zesty melted cheeses. * Dominos becomes an associate sponsor for the Drive for Diversity program, a minority driver development program designed to provide a steady pipeline of well-trained and supported minority drivers for th e NASCAR circuit. * Dominos Pizza Inc. , the recognized world leader in pizza delivery, becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in July 2004, under the new ticker symbol DPZ. * Dominos announces a three-year partnership with St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital. St. Jude was selected as Dominos charity of choice by franchisees and team members. 2005 * Domino’s Pizza celebrates the completion of the three-year renovation of its World Resource Center in Ann Arbor, Mich. The renovation marks the first major improvement to the company’s world headquarters since Domino’s founder Tom Monaghan opened the sprawling Domino’s Farms office complex. * Domino’s Pizza Australia opens its 400th store in Aspley, Brisbane. * Domino’s Pizza in the United Kingdom celebrates the opening of its 400th store in Wadsley Bridge, Sheffield. Domino’s raises $1. 2 million for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital during its second annual â€Å"Thanks and Giving† campaign. * Domino’s Pizza efforts worldwide raise $220,000 to support southeast Asia tsunami relief efforts. * Domino’s Pizza launches its American Classic Cheeseburger Pizza in conjunction with its a ppearance as a featured task on the NBC hit reality show, â€Å"The Apprentice. †2006 * Domino’s celebrates the opening of its 8,000th store with simultaneous celebrations of the opening of its 5,000th U. S. store in Huntley, Ill. , and its 3,000th international store in Panama City, Panama. gt; * Dominos indefinitely extends its relationship with St. Jude as its national charitable partner. Dominos raises $1. 34 million for St. Jude during its third annual Thanks and Giving campaign. * Domino’s Pizza introduces Brownie Squares - warm, delicious, bite-sized brownies delivered with a fudge dipping sauce. 2007 * Domino’s introduces OREO ®Ã‚  Dessert Pizza- a thin dessert-style crust that’s layered with vanilla sauce and covered with OREO ®Ã‚  cookie crumbles and then topped with sweet icing. * Domino’s introduces its Veterans and Delivering the Dream franchising programs. Domino’s rolls out online and mobile ordering. * Dominoâ₠¬â„¢s is ranked in the Top 10 for the ninth time in Entrepreneur magazine’s annual listing of great franchise opportunities. 2008 * Domino’s becomes the largest sandwich delivery company overnight when it launches a line of oven baked sandwiches. * Dominos launches a food delivery industry first: Dominos Trackerâ„ ¢. This revolutionary technology allows Dominos Pizza customers to follow the progress of their order online, from the time they click the Place Order button (or hang up the telephone), until the order is delivered. 009 * Domino’s introduces American Legends, a line of premium pizzas featuring toppings such as roasted red peppers, spinach and feta cheese. * Domino’s introduced Breadbowl Pasta and Chocolate Lava Crunch Cakes. * At year’s end, Domino’s scraps its 49-year-old pizza recipe and launches its â€Å"new and inspired pizza† with an unusual advertising campaign. ;;;;|   |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | 2010s2010 * Bain Capital sells its interests in Dominos Pizza. * In March, Domino’s Pizza opens its 9,000th store worldwide, with dual celebrations in New Delhi, India and New Orleans, La. gt; * Dominos raises $2. 7 million during the 7th annual St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital ®Ã‚  Thanks and Giving ®Ã‚  campaign, marking the largest single charitable donation in the companys 50-year history. * Domino’s Pizza celebrates its 50th anniversary in December. 2011 * Pizza Today Magazine names Dominos its Chain of the Year for the second straight year – making the company a three-time overall winner, and the first pizza delivery company to receive the honor in back-to-back years. Dominos continues to revamp its menu, launching a new recipe for Buffalo Wings and Boneless Chicken, a new line of Dominos Artisanâ„ ¢Ã‚  Pizzas using premium ingredients and two new bread sides â €“ Stuffed Cheesy Bread and Parmesan Bread Bites. * Patrick Doyle is named No. 1 Best CEO of 2011 by CNBC. * Dominos Pizza is recognized as the Official Pizza of the NCAA ®Ã‚  and Official Pizza of NCAA ®Ã‚  March Madness ®. The partnership lasts from 2011-2013. 2012 * Dominos debuts its ordering app for Android phones. This, in addition to its existing iPhone app which debuted in 2011, offers a Dominos mobile ordering app to more than 80 percent of smartphones. * Dominos Pizza debuts its mobile ordering technology to Amazons Kindle Fire by launching the Dominos Pizza app into the Amazon Appstore for Android. This marks the companys first appearance in the Amazon Appstore for Android and the companys first Android tablet app. * In August, Dominos launched its Ultimate Delivery Vehicle design competition – a campaign as unique as anything in its 52-year history. Pizza lovers and car enthusiasts were asked to help Dominos revolutionize the pizza industry by contributing to the design of the Ultimate Delivery Vehicle – something Dominos fans and customers could see as part of the delivery experience in the future. Stay tuned! * Dominos unveiled its new logo and Pizza Theater store design†¦marking a significant change in the customer experience at Dominos! ;;;; * Dominos debuted the biggest product launch since the redesign of its core hand-tossed pizza, launching its Handmade Pan Pizza in September. Made from fresh, never-frozen dough, the terrific product marked Dominos entry into the Pan Pizza scene in a big way! |   |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | Dominos 101: Basic Facts PIZZA, PRODUCT MENU: * 85%  of the items on Dominos menu are new since 2008. * There are more than  34 million ways  to create a single Dominos pizza. * 30 slices of pepperoni  go on a medium pepperoni pizza (40 slices for a large peperoni pizza). * Pepperoni is the most popular U. S. pizza topping, followed by mushrooms, sausage, ham and green peppers. * Breadsticks were the first national nonpizza menu item offered at Dominos, in 1992. Dominos Worlds Fastest Pizza Maker Pali Grewal can make three large pizzas in just 39. 17 seconds. STORE ; FRANCHISE OWNER FACTS: * Dominos is  95% franchise-owned. * Dominos has about  1,100 independent franchise owners  in the U. S. * More than 90% started their careers as drivers or assistant managers. * Dominos delivery experts cover 10 million m iles each week  in the U. S. alone. INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL FACTS: * Dominos delivers more than  1 million pizzas a day  worldwide. * Dominos operates  10,040 stores in over 70 countries  around the world. * More than half of Dominos sales now come from outside the U. S. * 2011 global retail sales: $6. 9 billion ($3. 4 domestic, $3. 5 international). * Dominos International has experienced  18 consecutive years of positive same store sales  growth (Q4 2011). * Dominos currently holds the #1 pizza delivery market position in 21 markets, including 7 of our 10 largest: Mexico, U. K. , Australia, India, France, South Korea and Turkey. * Dominos largest markets are the following (by number of stores):   | U. S. – 4,509 U. K. /Ireland – 719 Mexico – 585 Australia – 458| India – 515 South Korea – 367 Canada – 366 Turkey – 259| Japan – 232 France – 09 Taiwan – 140| BUSIEST DAYS FOR DELIVERY: * Dominos sells more than 11 million pizza slices on  Super Bowl Sunday, nearly 80% more than a typical Sunday. * Super Bowl is followed by  Halloween, New Years Eve/Day  and  Thanksgiving Eve. TECHNOLOGY ONLINE: * Dominos is consistently one of the top five companies  in terms of online transactions, behind companies such as Amazon and Apple. * 80% of smartphones  are covered with the ordering app (iPhone and Android). * 30% of Dominos orders  are taken online in the U. S. * 30 Dominos international markets  feature online ordering. Corporate Profile Founded as a single store in 1960, Domino’s Pizza today stands as the recognized world leader in pizza delivery. From the beginning, we have been dedicated to the best of service, quality products and delivery excellence. Dominos Pizza Corporate FactsEach day, more than 1 million customers enjoy hot, delicious Domino’s Pizza products on every inhabited continent on Earth, because we operate over   10,000 stores in more than 70 countries; each and every store dedicated to our  focus of providing great-tasting pizza – whether it be delivered directly to your door or available for carryout. We pioneered the pizza delivery business back in 1960, and our total system sells more than 400 million pizzas worldwide every year. Great Name Brand Recognition Domino’s Pizza is recognized as a Megabrand by Advertising Age magazine, and has been named â€Å"Chain of the Year† by Pizza Today, the leading publication of the pizza industry, three times – including back to back wins, the first ever company to do so, in 2010 and 2011. Strong Teamwork Domino’s Pizza Inc. s leadership, team members and franchisees aspire to achieve our collective vision of being Team Members and Franchisees on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. We operate through a set of Guiding Principles founded on integrity and putting people first (our shareholders, customers, suppliers and employees) – which serve as our compass as we manage our business. Our Products Domino’s Pizza offers Classic Hand Tossed, Crunchy Thin Crust, Artisan and Handma de Pan pizzas, with a wide variety of toppings. Additional menu items include  Stuffed Cheesy Bread, Buffalo Wings Boneless Chicken, Chocolate Lava Crunch Cakes and Cinna Stix ®. We also proudly serve icy cold Coca-Cola ®Ã‚  products. Domino’s has recently expanded its menu significantly to also include Domino’s American Legendsâ„ ¢ specialty pizzas, Oven Baked Sandwiches and BreadBowl Pastasâ„ ¢. In late 2009, Domino’s debuted its Inspired New Pizza – a permanent change to its core hand-tossed product, reinvented from the crust up with new sauce, cheese and garlic-seasoned crust. Innovating the Pizza Delivery Business Throughout our history, in addition to pioneering the concept of efficient delivery of made-to-order pizzas, we have been part of innovations that have made significant impact on the pizza and delivery industries. Here’s a look at some of our innovative thinking: * Dominos HeatWave ®Ã‚  Hot Bag Domino’s HeatWave hot bags were introduced in 1998 to keep pizzas oven-hot during normal delivery. Originally, each hot bag contained a patented heating mechanism charged by plugging into an electric outlet at the store. The outer material of the bag is made with water-repellent nylon, which replaced the less sturdy vinyl material previously used. Domino’s has continued to innovate and evolve the technology, removing the electric cord and heating each bag via an induction heating system. The latest edition of Domino’s HeatWave bags relies solely on a patented insulation system that keeps pizzas both hot and crisp – completely eliminating the need for electricity. * A better box Dominos was the innovator behind the sturdy, corrugated pizza box, which keeps moisture from weakening the box, while preventing cheese from sticking to the top during delivery. Car-top sign in 3-D! Today, its hard to miss pizza delivery cars thanks to Dominos Pizza. Dominos invented the 3-D car-top sign, which is currently used by a variety of industries, including taxis and driving schools. Taking innovation a step further – in 2012, Domino’s launched its â€Å"Ultimate Delivery Vehicleà ¢â‚¬  campaign, asking consumers and car enthusiasts to help design a pizza delivery vehicle in hopes of revolutionizing the industry! * Spoodle This saucing tool combines the best features of a spoon and a ladle, cutting down the time spent saucing a pizza. The Spoodle was introduced at the 1985 Worlds Fastest Pizza Maker competition by the eventual winner, Jeff Goddard. * Domino’s Online Ordering – Pizza Tracker and Pizza Builder Domino’s launched online ordering in 2007, and in 2008 revolutionized the customer experience by launching its innovative Pizza Builder and Domino’s Tracker. Pizza Builder allows customers to see their pizza come to life on the computer screen, as toppings and crust styles are selected in real time. Domino’s Tracker allows customers to follow the progress of the order, from the time it’s placed until customers receive it. The experience has seen various looks, themes and interactive opportunities since its debut. While the Pizza Builder has since been mimicked by other pizza companies, we remain the only company offering the unique, engaging ordering experience of Domino’s Tracker. These innovations and others have helped us get better at what we love to do most: deliver great pizza to your door, efficiently and enthusiastically! Strong Distribution System To allow Dominos stores to concentrate on making and delivering pizzas, Dominos developed a central distribution and dough manufacturing system. This relieves stores from long hours making dough, grating cheese and preparing toppings. Today, Domino’s Supply Chain Services (SCS) provides high quality dough and ingredients nationwide, keeping the companys pizza consistently delicious. In fact, through its network of 16 domestic distribution centers, SCS regularly supplies the nearly 5,000 U. S. pizza stores with more than 240 products. Other pizza and fast food companies in the U. S. have adopted this same system. | Success Factors * Dominos is a powerful global brand. Mega Brand as defined by Advertising Age * Significant, ongoing investments in advertising result in broad consumer awareness * We are the #1 pizza delivery company in the U. S. * Largest share of pizza delivery channel and continued innovation†¦reinforced by our well-known tagline, â€Å"Oh Yes We Did! † * We have a large and growing international presence. * Operate in over 70 countries and with more than 10,000 stores worldwide * #1 or #2 ma rket share position in most of our top 10 markets * We have a strong and proven business model with superior returns. Strong unit economics: focused on efficient operating model; moderate cost to open; solid cash-on-cash returns * Franchisees have succeeded and have high renewal rates because the business model works forming solid partnerships * Voluntarily purchase from company supply chain system * Geographically diverse franchise base with no significant concentrations * Return on assets higher than the quick-serve restaurant peer average * We operate a profitable, value-added supply chain system. * Ensures quality and consistency Leverages purchasing power * Enhances franchisee partnerships through 50% profit sharing * Allows stores to focus on sales and service * Our leadership team has a track record of success. * Delivered strong results since 1999 change of control Our Commitment to Diversity Dominos commitment to diversity is based on creating a unified and inclusive enviro nment that respects and celebrates the uniqueness of our exceptional people who invest their time, talents and energies while striving to make our company the best pizza delivery company in the world. With more than 10,000 stores around the globe, our stores are as diverse as the communities they serve. Diversity Mission Statement Dominos Pizza is committed to an inclusive culture which values the contributions of our customers, team members, suppliers, and neighbors. Our Team Domino’s Pizza is proud of its heritage of helping pizza makers and pizza takers become independent business owners. Some of the most successful Domino’s franchisees began their career as delivery experts, customer service representatives, or pizza makers in their own communities. Corporate Careers Our corporate offices are full of exceptional people supporting those team members and allowing them to stay focused on the task at hand. Dominos office personnel support our nearly 600 corporate-owned stores, a system of 5,000+ domestic franchise-owned stores and an international franchise base that operates more than 5,000 stores in approximately 70 markets. We also manage our own distribution business, a rarity in the quick service restaurant industry. We have marketers and lawyers. Accountants and communicators. Trainers and lease negotiators. International business consultants and human resource representatives. Safety specialists and product developers. Theres many more dramatically different roles to fill, but they all have one thing in common: Dominos Pizza people are fiercely proud of who we are and what we do. If you have those same traits, wed love to have you on our team. As a company, we have plenty of growing left to do and many successes to celebrate. Come grow and celebrate with us. Corporate Benefits and Perks World Resource Center Ann Arbor, Michigan A 200,000 square foot modern World Resource Center includes 27 conference and meeting rooms, updated research and development labs and gift store. The centerpiece is the spacious Welcome Center, which surrounds a four-story glass staircase and a Domino’s Pizza store at the base. The office is minutes from downtown Ann Arbor, and less than 30 minutes from Detroit’s Metropolitan Airport. Domino’s Pizza is located in a scenic rural setting in a building known as the Prairie House at Domino’s Farms Office Park, and whose external architecture was inspired by the works of architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Located in suburban Ann Arbor, this landmark facility offers a unique and architecturally significant building, surrounded by pastures, cultivated farmland, and wildlife habitat. The following on-site amenities are available to Domino’s team members at the World Resource Center: 1. Dining Facility 2. Free Fitness Center membership 3. Post Office 4. Deli/Sundry Shop 5. Dry Cleaner 6. Bookstore 7. Credit Union 8. Art Gallery 9. Hair, nail and massage salons 10. Petting Farm 11. Free Parking Benefits Domino’s pizza recognizes the best way to achieve success is to first ensure the satisfaction of its team members. Treating team members exceptionally well is just one way we are committed to putting our people first. Domino’s is proud to provide a fair and comprehensive rewards package. Below are just a few of the generous benefits available to Domino’s team members. * Competitive salaries * Medical, dental and vision coverage * Prescription drug benefit * Wellness benefits * Health Savings Account (HSA) * Flexible Spending Accounts * Long and short-term disability * Team Achievement Dividend (performance bonus) * Partners Foundation (team member assistance) * Above-average paid holiday program * 401(k) matching program * Employee stock purchase discount plan * Company-paid life insurance * Supplemental and dependent life insurance * Tuition Reimbursement National corporate discounts * Legal services * Adoption assistance Corporate Training Programs Dominos Pizza Prep School For those team members not in stores every day and night, it is critical that they know how their role supports those who are and have a solid understanding of what happens in the store. This is so important to our business that we developed Dominos Pizza Prep School for our World Resourc e Center team members to give them store operations knowledge. This program earned Dominos a Stevie from the American Business Awards. HR Development Program The development program in the Domino’s People First department is a unique opportunity for early career human resource professionals to complete a defined career development plan, gaining knowledge and experience in all capacities of the field. Domino’s Pizza is committed to the development of the participants and has purposely selected positions that support their progression with the expectation that we are investing in the future leaders of the department. The program is only successful if the participant is equally committed to their development and responsibilities. We expect candidates to get as much as they can from each rotation and willingly support the company’s objectives, no matter where the position is located. Each participant is required to complete three rotations. Two of the rotations will be in a core assignment that all participants must complete, and the third will be one of the additional assignments. Core Assignments: * Shared Services (Ann Arbor, Mich. ) * Primary point of contact for 12,000 corporate team members for PeopleFirst-related issues. * Support team member requests by executing PeopleFirst policies and procedures and initiating recommended improvements. Maintain team members’ electronic records. * Communicate and support PeopleFirst programs Marketplace (corporate market): * Support team members in resolving employee relations issues * Coordinate staffing and retention initiatives Additional Assignments: * Franchise/Employee Relations * Compensation * Benefits * Training Implementation Program * Learni ng Development * Human Resource Information Systems DPZ University From first line supervision to leadership development, DPZ University provides the classes and career paths necessary to become successful. Dominos has a strong promotion from within culture and provides the necessary development to prepare individuals for future opportunities. Partnering with world-class organizations like Harvard Business School, Ninth House: The Leadership Development Company, Franklin-Covey, and others offer learning and development to achieve our vision of Exceptional franchisees and team members on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. Accounting/Finance Program Our cash and general ledger accountant positions are the gateway to opportunity at Domino’s Pizza. In this position, you will be responsible for: * Performing financial reviews at mid-period and final stages of the period closing cycle. * Communication with internal customers on outstanding accounting issues, problems, or concerns. * Acting as a resource to internal customers on financial statements. * Reviewing and analyzing accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory and payroll activity. * Preparing weekly estimates for distribution centers. * Analyzing and posting weekly corporate sales data. * Auditing weekly corporate store paperwork. Researching Corporate sales, food, and labor variance by comparing actual data to Domino’s Pulse, our point of sales system. * Assisting the accounting center management or other internal customers with analysis of financial impact on certain projects. Supply Chain Careers From our nationwide network of 17 supply chain centers, Dominos Pizza Supply Chain strives to fulfill its mission of supporting more than 5,000 U. S. Dominos Pizz a stores by providing them with more than 200 different products. 365  Million Pounds Of Dough Last Year Supply Chain is also responsible for producing the dough used to make our pizzas. Each dough production team member is trained and certified in the art and science of dough production to ensure a top quality product. Teamwork is the Key Ingredient From our warehouse and customer service team members to our commercial delivery and service drivers to our management team, Dominos Pizza Supply Chain provides the foundation of support for our franchisees. This cooperation and teamwork is a proven system that has made Dominos Pizza the world leader in pizza delivery. Supply Chain Training Programs The Supply Chain Centers responsible for dough production, warehouse and store delivery provides numerous training programs to acquire the skills necessary to be proficient including dough certification classes to ensure product quality, forklift certification, and numerous safety and defensive driving classes. Training provided in the following areas: * Facility Safety Organization (IPP) * Physical Hazards associated with job * Chemical Hazards * Safety guards built into machines equipment * Administrative controls in effect * Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) * Emergency Action Plans * Accident Investigation process Blood borne pathogen safety training * Electrical safety training * Personal protective equipment training * Back injury prevention training * Safety course Supply Chain Benefits and Perks Domino’s pizza recognizes the best way to achieve success is to first ensure the satisfaction of its team members. Treating team members exceptionally well is just one way we are committed to putting our people first. Domino’s is proud to provide a fair and comprehensive rewards package. Below are just a few of the generous benefits available to Domino’s Supply Chain team members. * Annual performance-based bonus * Quality equipment * Paperless logging Regular schedules * Single and team runs * Competitive medical and dental package * 401(k) savings plan with company match * Life insurance * Educational assistance * Employee stock purchase plan What We Do In Supply Chain From our nationwide network of 16 Supply Chain Centers, Dominos Pizza Supply Chain strives to fulfill its mission of supporting more than 5,000 U. S. Dominos Pizza stores by providing them with more than 200 different products. Supply Chain Management Management positions at Dominos Pizza Supply Chain Centers offer you the opportunity to join a world-class company with: * A competitive salary. An excellent benefits package. * Opportunity for career growth. Our team leaders are involved in all facets of our business. The work is a combination of administrative and operational responsibilities performed throughout the Supply Chain Center. The best candidates are strong yet thoughtful leaders who have the ability to respect their team members and mentor them onto greater career development. If you care about the people who work for you and have the desire to encourage and assist in their career growth, youre the type of leader we look for. What Types of Management Positions Are Available? Our General Manager Development Program is an excellent start to acquiring skills and learning the fundamentals of business operations. In addition to several requirements, it is necessary to work successfully in a team leader position (minimum of six months) to apply for the program. The program is customized for each individual and focuses on the following areas. Food Production Preparing and mixing fresh pizza dough is the responsibility of a production team member. The production team is the secret behind the great-tasting Domino’s Pizza consumers turn to when they’re hungry. If you have the desire to create a top-quality food product every day, then our production department is for you. Commercial Delivery and Service Drivers We look for team members with a commitment to safety and excellent customer service to be part of our Delivery ; Service team. Delivery ; Service drivers will drive a truck over an established route to deliver products to Domino’s Pizza stores. When you take the wheel for Domino’s Pizza Supply Chain, you are the face of our company to our customers. You’re interaction with the stores is crucial to our success. Many drivers build lasting relationships with customers in the fun and supportive family environment of Domino’s Pizza. Warehouse Our warehouse team members ensure that our customers receive each and every product they order, every time they order it. As a warehouse team member, your main responsibility will be to load, unload and move materials within or near the Supply Chain Center. You’re the one who makes it happen for us every day and you are an important piece of who we are. Customer Service As a Customer Service Representative (CSR), you are responsible for taking incoming orders from stores using a telephone and computer. A CSR talks with our customers regularly, taking their orders and solving concerns and problems. Our customers look to you for answers and direction. Your professional customer service expertise is essential to keeping our stores happy. What Qualifications Do I Need? These professional level positions at Supply Chain Centers require: * Strong team leadership skills. * Three years of experience in managing multi-function operations (preferably in transportation or supply chain). * A bachelors degree in a related field. * A willingness to relocate.